A Comparative Study on Economic Performance of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan from the Perspective of Neo-liberal Approach (1991-2010)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Professor of Regional Studies, University of Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Neoliberal approach with the aim to promote development in different countries has particular implications. It can be cited as monetary and financial system reform, privatization, elimination of barriers to trade and foreign investment. Hence, from the beginning of the post-Soviet, Central Asian countries adopted different approaches towards economic reform and moved towards a free market with the objective of economic development. They have reached different conclusions. For example, while Uzbekistan had 5.2 percent of economic growth, Kazakhstan with 10 percent of economic growth was among the world top 10 countries in terms of the set. It had Two-thirds of economy in private sector, the most advanced country in the region in terms of economic reforms, size of government in this country is much smaller than Uzbekistan, while in all cases, Uzbekistan is the fourth or fifth among the five countries of Central Asia. We believe this difference in status between the two countries is because of early compliance of Kazakhstan’s economy with neoliberal policies in relation to economic reforms and mismatch and delay in economic reforms in Uzbekistan. The aim of this paper is to examine political economy of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, based on the neoliberal approach.

Keywords

References

  1. الف) فارسی

    1. دهقانی فیروزآبادی، سید جلال (1388)، «تحول در نظریه­های منطقه­گرایی»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، سال 2، شمارۀ 5، صص. 116-99.

    2. عطایی، فرهاد و عابد نوروزی زرمهری (1394)، «تأثیر جهانی شدن اقتصاد بر توسعۀ اقتصادی در قزاقستان»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، دورۀ 8، شمارۀ 1، صص. 18-1.

    3. کولایی، الهه و سیمین شیرازی موگویی (1395)، «تأثیر آزادسازی اقتصادی بر رشد جامعه مدنی در قزاقستان»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، دوره 9، شمارۀ 1، صص. 150-133.

     

    ب) انگلیسی

     

    1. Akimov, Alexandr and Brian Dollery (2009), The Uzbek Approach to Financial System Development: An Analysis of Achievements and Failures, Australia: Griffith University, Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics.
    2. Alam, Asad and Arup Banerji (2000), “Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan: A Tale of Two Transition Path”, Available at: http://econ.worldbank.org/external/default/main?pagePK, (Accessed on: 16/11/2014).
    3. Anderson, Brion and Yuriy Klimov (2012), “Uzbekistan: Trade Regime and Recent Trade Developments”, Available at: http://www.ucentralasia.org/Content/Downloads/UCA-IPPA-WP4Uzbekistan%20and%20Regional%20Trade.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/6/2016).
    4. Anderson, Kathryn H. and Richard Pomfret (2002), “Relative Living Standards in New Market Economies: Evidence from Central Asian Household Surveys”, Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 683-708.
    5. Arakelyan, Maria (2013), “CIS Frontier Countries Economic and political Prospects”, Available at: https://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/DBR_INTERNET_ENPROD/PROD0000000000317261/CIS_frontier_countries%3A_Economic_and_political_pro.PDF, (Accessed on: 5/12/2015).
    6. Asian Development Bank (2005), “Private Sector Assessment for Uzbekistan”, Available at: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/PSA/UZB/UZB-PSA.pdf, (Accessed on: 11/1/2014).

    7.Asian Development Bank (2013), Asian Development Outlook 2015, Financing Asia’s Future Growth, Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/159307/adbi-connecting-central-asia-economic-centers-final-report.pdf, (Accessed on: 15/6/2016).

    1.  Aslund, Anders (2013), How Capitalism Was Built: The Transformation of Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, Washington D.C.: Cambridge University press.

    9. Bendini, Roberto (2013), “Uzbekistan: Selected Trade and Economic Issues, European Parliament”, Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/briefing_note/join/2013/491518/EXPO-INTA_SP(2013)491518_EN.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/8/2014).

    1. BMA (2013), “Macroeconomic Forecast Uzbekistan”, Available at: http://www.emergingeuropemonitor.com/file/164372/macroeconomic-forecast-uzbekistan.html, (Accessed on: 11/11/2014).
    2. Buchman, Andrew (2004), “The Uzbek Model of Development: Slow, Stable and Showing Success”, Available at: http://old.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/1807, (Accessed on: 21/8/2013).
    3. Cornia, Giovanni Andrea (2003), Growth and Poverty Reduction in Uzbekistan in the Next Decade, Tashkent: Centre for Economic Research.
    4. De Melo, Martha, Cevdet Denizer, Alan Gelb and Stoyan Tenev (1997), “Circumstance and Choice: The Role of Initial Conditions and Policies in Transition Economies”, Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDECINEQ/Resources/demelo.pdf, (Accessed on: 15/6/2015).
    5. Eurasianet (2008), “Uzbekistan: Tashkent Strives to Diversify its Trade Partners”, Available at: http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav031908.shtml, (Accessed on: 1/8/2014).
    6. Export. Gov (2014), “Doing Business in Uzbekistan: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies, Available at: http://files.export.gov/x_8099675.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/11/2015).
    7. Harvey, David (2005), A Brief History of Neoliberalism, New York: Oxford University Press.
    8. Hindley, Brian (2008), Kazakhstan and the World Economy: An Assessment of Kazakhstan’s Trade Policy and Pending Accession to the WTO, Brussels: Jan Tumlir Policy Essays.
    9. IMF (2012), “Republic of Kazakhstan, Staff Report for the 2012 Article IV Consultation”, Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr0263.pdf, (Accessed on: 12/11/2015).
    10. Khusainov, B. and K. Berentaev (2004), “Kazakhstan: Problems of Developing Oil and Gas Sector and Improving the System for Tax Subsurface Users”, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Vol. 5, No. 29, pp. 13-25.
    11. Kulekeev, Zh.A. (2003), Ekonomicheskaya Ponorama Kazakhstana za gody Nezavisimosti, Astana: TOO “Klassika”.
    12. Mizuno, Mitsuru (2009), “The Finance in the Capital Market and Credit Rating in Uzbekistan”, Center for China and Asian Studies, College of Economics, Nihon University, pp. 1-22, Available at: http://www.eco.nihon-u.ac.jp/center/ccas/pdf/ccas_wp015.pdf, (Accessed on: 10/10/2016).
    13. Norregaard, John and Tehmina S. Khan (2007), “Tax Policy: Recent Trends and Coming Challenges”, Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2007/wp07274.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/6/2016).
    14. Pomfret, Richard (2008), “Kazakhstan’s Banking Problems,” Available at: http://www.cacianalyst.Org/? q=node/4798, (Accessed on: 1/6/2015).
    15. Pomfret, Richard (2011), “Resource Management and Transition in Central Asia, Azerbaijan, and Mongolia”, Available at: https://piie.com/publications/wp/wp11-8.pdf, (Accessed on: 23/5/2016).
    16. PWC (2014), “Guide to Doing Business and Investing in Uzbekistan”, Available at: www.pwc.com/uz/en/DBG_2011.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/7/2014).
    17. Spechler, Martin C. (2008), “The Economies of Central Asia: A Survey”, Available at: http://www.palgrave-journals.com/ces/journal/v50/n1/pdf/ces20083a.pdf, (Accessed on: 12/5/2015).
    18. Troschke, Manuela and Andreas Zeitler (2006), Privatisation and Corporate Governance in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Insights from a Corporate Survey in Food and Light Industries, Munchen: Osteuropa-Institute.
    19. UNCTAD (2011), “World Investment Report 2011”, Available at: unctad.org/en/.../wir2011_en.p, (Accessed on: 15/11/2015).
    20. Wandel, Jurgen and Botagoz Kozbagarova (2009) “Kazakhstan: Economic Transformation and Autocratic Power”, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279183719_KazaKhstan_Economic_Transformation_and_Autocratic_Power_Mercatus_Policy_Series, (Accessed on: 5/4/2015).
    21. White, Kristopher D. (2010), “Geography, Policy, and Barriers to International Trade in Central Asia”, Central Asia Business Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 44-54, Available at: https://www.kimep.kz/files/BCB/v3/CABJ-3-44-54.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/6/2016).
    22. Williamson, John )2000(, “What Should the World Bank Think about The Washington Consensus?”, The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 251–264.
    23. World Bank Group (2010), “Trading Across Borders”, Available at: http://www.doingbusiness.org/reports/global-reports/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB12-Chapters/Trading-Across-Borders.pdf, (Accessed on: 1/6/2016).
    24. World Bank Group (2014), “Uzbekistan Partnership: Country Program Snapshot”, Available at:  www.worldbank.org/content/dam/.../Uzbekistan-Snapshot, (Accessed on: 1/12/2015).
    25. World Bank Group (2015), “Kazakhstan Partnership Program Snapshot”, Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/Kazakhstan-Snapshot.pdf, (Accessed on: 12/4/2015).
    26. World Health Organization (2015), “Uzbekistan”, Available at: http://www.who.int/countries/uzb/en/, (Accessed on: 12/4/2015).
    27. Zakov, Umar (2003), Investment Climate in Kazakhstan, Country Report, New York: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
Central Eurasia Studies
Volume 9, Issue 2
Autumn & Winter
October 2016
Pages 175-191

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics