The Turkey's Divergent Role in Iran-Azerbaijan Relations

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of International Relations, Payam Noor University of Ardabil, Iran

3 PhD Candidate in International Relations, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The enormous changes in international system after the Soviet Union collapse led to a power vacuum and unprecedented competition of regional and trans-regional powers in central Asia and Caucasus. As a result of these phenomena, any actions by regional and international powers were viewed in the context of regional rivalries. Therefore, this fact brought several important obstacles in front of the expansion of Iran-Azerbaijan relations and at the same time led to reactions of other regional powers, including Turkey. The main goal of this article is to explain how Turkey's regional policy affected Iran-Azerbaijan relations. Turkey has had some common identity and mutual interest with Azerbaijan and so on its foreign policy towards this country put some important limitations in Iran-Azerbaijan relations. At the same time, Turkey's policy towards Iran brought more obstacles to Iran goal of expansion in its relations with Azerbaijan. This condition seems to continue because of the increase in Turkey-Azerbaijan relations. Therefore, there will be no important improvement in the coming years. This assumption will be studied from constructive points of view.

Keywords


  1. الف) فارسی

    1.تیشه­یار، ماندانا و میلاد گرجی (1395)، «سیاست امنیت انرژی ترکیه و نقش آن در انتقال انرژی به اروپا»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، دورۀ 9، شمارۀ 1، صص. 93-65.

    2.چرنوف، فرد (1388)، نظریه و زیرنظریه  در روابط بین‌الملل، مفاهیم و تفسیرهای متعارض،     ترجمه علیرضا طیب، تهران: نشر نی.

    3.کرمی، تقی (1389)، «عوامل منطقه‌ای تطویل کشمکش­ها بین جمهوری آذربایجان و ارمنستان»، مطالعات خاورمیانه، سال 2، شمارۀ 2، صص. 274-250.

    4.کولایی، الهه و قاسم اصولی (1391)، «چگونگی تغییر روابط امنیتی­شده ایران و جمهوری آذربایجان»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، سال 5، شمارۀ 11، صص. 94-75.

    5

    6.مشیرزاده، حمیرا (1385)، تحلیل سیاست خارجی جمهوری اسلامی ایران از منظر سازه‌انگاری، تهران: انتشارات وزارت امور خارجه.

    7.مشیرزاده، حمیرا (1388)، تحول در نظریه­های روابط بین‌الملل، تهران: انتشارات سمت.

    8.هرزیک، ادموند (1375)، ایران و حوزۀ جنوبی شوروی سابق، ترجمۀ کاملیا احتشامی اکبری، تهران: دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بین‌المللی.

     

    ب) انگلیسی

    1. Abdullayev, Mahir (1998), Turkiye-Azerbaycan Alakalari, Baki: Mutercim Yaymlari. 
    2. Alessandri, Emiliano (2010), “Turkey’s New Foreign Policy and the Future of Turkey-UE Relations”, The International Spectator: Italian Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 45, No.3, pp. 85-100.
    3. Aliyev, Elbay (2012), “Azerbaijan-Turkish Relation (1992-2012): A Foreign Policy Account”, Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=8CE8D307259EE7D2C242D0A4CA4E4943?doi=10.1.1.633.135&rep=rep1&type=pdf., (Accessed on: 3/2/2014).
    4. Aras, Bulent (2009), “Davutoglu Era in Turkish Foreign Policy”, Seta Policy Brief, No. 32, Available at: http://www.turkishforum.com.tr/en/content/2009/05/23/davutoglu-era-in-turkish-foreign-policy-policy-brief-may-2009/, (Accessed on: 3/2/2014).
    5. Aydin, Mustafa (2004), Turkish Foreign Policy: Framework and Analysis, Ankara: Center for Strategic Research.
    6. Baev, K. Pavel (2008), Russian Energy Policy and Military Power, Abingdon: Rutledge.
    7. Berman, Ilan (2003), “Water and Turkish Security”, American Foreign Policy Council, Washington, D.C., Available at: http://www.afpc.org/publication_listings/viewArticle/225, (Accessed on: 16/4/2013).   
    8. Bozkurt, Abdullah (2011), Turkey, Azerbaijan Cooperate on Win Economic and Trade deals, Today’s zaman, Available at: http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_openPrintPage.action?newsId=252174, (Accessed on: 3/12/2014).
    9. Brown, Cameron S. (2002), “Observation, from Azerbaijan”, Available at: http//meria.idc.ac.il/books/Azerbaijan.htm, (Accessed on: 2/9/2013).   
    10. Constitution of Azerbaijan, Article 7, Available at: http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/local_azerbaijan.pdf., (Accessed on: 11/3/2014).   
    11. Cornell, Svante E. (2008), “Erdogan, Azerbaijan and Armenian Question”, Turkey Analyst, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 20-45. 
    12. Davutoğlu, Ahmet (2009), Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye'nin Uluslararası Konumu, İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.  
    13. De Pauw, Freddy (1996), “Turkey’s Politics in Transcaucasia”, in: B. Coppieters (ed), Contested Borders in The Caucasus, Brussels: VUB University Press, pp. 179-191.
    14. Der Ghoukassian, Khatchik (2008), “Instability in the New Imperial Periphery: A Conceptual Perspective of the Turbulent Frontiers in The Caucasus and Central Asia”, International Affairs, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 146-155.
    15. Efe, Almula (2012), “The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict and Its Impact on The Relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey”, Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.633.9661&rep=rep1&type=pdf, (Accessed on: 4/3/2014).
    16. Evoyan, Lia (2013), “Turkey-Azerbaijan Relations: The Dynamics of

    The Development”, 21 st Century, Vol. 14, No. 1(13), pp. 35-44.

    1. Fuller, Graham E. (2008), The New Turkish Republic: Turkey as a Pivotal State in The Muslim World, Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press.
    2. Fuller, Graham E. and Ian Lesser (1998), Turkey’s New Geopolitics: From the Balkans to Western China, (RAND Studies).
    3. Ghorbanpoor, Mahmood (2010), “Regional Position of Iran in Foreign Trade with Republic of Azerbaijan”, World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 69-75.
    4. Gultekin Punsmann, Burcu (2009), “The Caucasus Stability and Cooperation Platform: An Attempt to Foster Regional Accountability”, Policy Brief, Vol. 43, No. 13, pp. 1-7.
    5. Iseri, Emre and Oguz Dilek (2011), “The Limitation of Turkeys New Foreign Policy Activism in the Caucasian Regional Security Complexity”, Turkish Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 41-54.
    6. Kalafat, Yasar and Araz Aslani (2009), Turkiye Azerbaycan Liskileri, Yuzyilda Turk Dis Politikasi, Ed: Idris Bal, Lalezar Ktabevi, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1-25.
    7. Koolaee, Elaheh and Mohammad Hossein Hafezian (2010), “The Islamic of Iran and The South Caucasus Republics”, Iranian Studies, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 45-58.
    8. Larrabee, Stephen F. (2011), Turkeys Eurasian Agenda, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 103-120.
    9. Murinson, Alexander (2008), “Azerbaijan-Turkey-Israel Relation: The Energy Factor”, Meria, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 40-60.
    10. Neumann, Iver B. and Ole Waever (1997), The Future of International Relation, London and New York: Routledge.
    11. Onis, Ziya (2001), “Turkey and Post-Soviet States: Potential and Limits of Regional Power Influence”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 30- 49.
    12. Öztarsu, Mehmet Fatih (2011), “Military Relations of Turkey and Azerbaijan”, Strategic Outlook, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 70-85.
    13. Ruinten, Sevinc (2005), Azerbaycan Turk Dovletleri ile Siyasi Elageler Sisteminde, Baki: Adiloglu Nesriyat.
    14. Samadov, G. H. (2013), “Joint Economic Cooperation Between Azerbaijan and Turkey Republic”, International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 221-226, Available at: http:// www.ijmhsjournal.com, (Accessed on: 2/1/2015). 
      1. Trademap, Available at: http://www.trademap.org/, (Accessed on: 1/2/2014).
      2. Tradingeconomics,Available at: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/azerbaijan/balance-of-trade, (Accessed on: 17/9/2016).
    15. Weber, C. (2001), International Relation Theory, London and New York: Routledge.
    16. Yilmaz, Reha (2010), “Turkiye-Azerbaycan Iliskilerinde Son Donem”, Bilge Strateji, Vol. 1, No. 2, Available at: http://www.zaman.com.tr/2001/03/14/dishaberler/dishaberlerlerdevan.htm#1, (Accessed on: 20/11/2013). 
    17. Zasztowt, Konrad (2012), “Iran, Turkey and Azerbaijan: Heading Towards a Regional Crisis?”, PISM Policy Paper, Vol. 9, No. 35, pp. 21-36.
    18. Zehfuss, M. (2002), Constructivism in International Relation: The Politics of Reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.