The Crisis Management of Russian Federation in Ukraine Problem

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Regional Studies, University of Tehran

2 M.A. in International Relations, Allameh Tabataba’i University

3 PhD Student in International Relations, Allameh Tabataba’i University

Abstract

Russia has tried to conceptualize its buffer zone as near abroad in the post-Soviet era. Ukraine has an important position among the countries of this region because of numerous cultural and historical affinities. Therefore, the security and political issues of this scope are important for the Russian Federation. In 2013, Ukraine was faced with an erosive crisis and this issue has incited Russia to react harshly in order to manage the crisis automatically and immediately. The article intends to answer this question that how and by which tools and technics, Russia has managed the Ukraine crisis. The hypothesis is based on Russia’s approach to international crisis management, crisis occurrence in near abroad usually followed by Russian military reaction. The results indicates that due to the geo-economics, geostrategic and geopolitical importance of Ukraine, Russia managed the Ukraine crisis by using hardware tools collection including military invasion of Crimea, dispatching army troops to the east of Ukraine, delivery loads of super heavy war equipment to oppositions and supplementary software tools such as holding political-diplomatic meetings, imposing energy sanctions against European competitors and adopting advertising actions.

Keywords


  1. الف) فارسی

    1. دهشیار، حسین (1393) (الف)، «سیاست خارجی روسیه در قبال اوکراین: گریزناپذیری بحران»، روابط خارجی، سال 6، شمارۀ 1، صص 121- 83.
    2. دهشیار، حسین (1393) (ب)، «گسل‌های داخلی، تنیدگی‌های تاریخی، منطق ژئوپلیتیک قدرت و رویارویی برای شبه­جزیرۀ کریمه»، پژوهش‌های راهبردی سیاست، سال 3، شمارۀ 9، صص 179ـ 201.
    3. دیدبان (1392)، «اوکراین را به چه سمتی می‌برند؟»، https://goo.gl/8yt5PQ، (تاریخ دسترسی: 13/7/1394).
    4. سام‌بند، میثم و سیدمحمد قره‌باغ (1387)، «مدیریت رسانه کلیدی‌ترین ابزار برای مدیریت بحران»، پژوهش­نامه مدیریت بحران رسانه، پژوهشکدۀ تحقیقات استراتژیک مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام، دورۀ 9 ، شمارۀ 33، صص 251-234.
    5. صلواتیان، سیاوش و طاهر روشندل اربطانی (1390)، «مدیریت بحران رسانه؛ رویکردی پیشگیرانه»، پژوهش‌های ارتباطی، سال 18، شمارۀ 2، صص 176- 149.
    6. مصلی‌نژاد، عباس (1392)، «موازنۀ راهبردی و سیاست­گذاری امنیتی روسیه در نظام بین‌الملل»، مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی، دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 2، صص 140-121.
    7. مک‌کارتی، شاون‌پی (1381)، نقش اطلاعات در مدیریت بحران، ترجمۀ محمدرضا تاجیک، تهران: فرهنگ گفتمان.
    8. میلر، بنجامین (1376)، «الگوی رفتاری قدرت‌های بزرگ در بحران­های بین‌المللی»، ترجمۀ قدرت احمدیان، سیاست دفاعی، دورۀ 6، شمارۀ 21-20، صص 35-1.
    9. واعظی، محمود (1389)، «نظام نوین بین­الملل و مدیریت بحران‌های بین­المللی»، راهبرد، سال 19، شمارۀ 56، صص 42-7.

     

    ب) انگلیسی

    1. Anton, L. (2014), The Emergence ofRussian Foreign Policy, Washington D.C.: United State Institute of Peace Press.
    2. Baczynska, Gabriela (2015), “Russia’s Lavrov says Fighting ‘Terrorism’ should Unite Syrian Opposition”, Available at: http://www.Reuters.Com/Article/2015/01/28/Us-Syria-Crisis-Russia-Lavrov-Iduskbn0l11fr20150128, (Accessed on:   7/5/2015).
    3. Bertalan, Péter (2014), “The Russian-Ukrainian Crisis and behind, Energy Policy in the Mirror of Eurasian Geopolitics”, The Central European Journal of Regional Development and Tourism, Vol. 6, pp. 1-15.
    4. Cecire, Michael (2014), “The Russian Invasion of Ukraine”, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Available at: https://www.fpri.org/docs/cecire_crimea.pdf, (Accessed on: 5/11/2015).
    5. Daalder, Ivo and Others (2015), “Preserving Ukraine’s Independence, Resisting Russian Aggression: What the United States and NATO must do”, The Brookings Institution and The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, The Atlantic Council of the United States, p. 3, Available at: https://goo.gl/w59bKz, (Accessed on: 21/10/2015).
      1. Deng, Yong (2006), “Reputation and the Security Dilemma: China Reacts to the China Threat Theory”, in: Alastair Iain Johnston and Robert Ross (eds.), Ne Approaches to the Study of China’s Foreign Policy, Stanford, Ca: Stanford University Press.
      2. Gregory, Paul Roderick (2015), “Europe and US Finally Declare that Russian-Soldiers are Fighting in Ukraine”, World Affairs, Available at: https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome, (Accessed on: 15/10/2015).
    6. Grider, Geoffrey (2014), “Cracks now Appearing in Eastern Ukraine as Secession Talk Intensifies”, The Magazine of Record for the Last Days, Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 12-23.
    7. Kempe, Frederick (2006), “Thinking Global: Russia is Power Play has High Stakes: The West is Urged to Counter Moscow is Bold Energy Plan, Our Core Values are at Risk”, Wall Street Journal, Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 45- 58.
    8. Kostyuchenko, Elena (2015), “Invisible Army: the Story of a Russian Soldier Sent to Fight in Ukraine”, The Guardian, International Beta, No. 12, pp. 124-140.
    9. Lazarenko, Nikolay (2015), “Issue of US Non-Lethal Weapons Supplies to Kiev Settled”, Ukrainian Lawmaker, Available at: http://Tass.Ru/En/World/780871, (Accessed on: 14/10/2015).
    10. Norberg, Johan and Fredrik Westerlund (2014), “Russia and Ukraine: Military-Strategic Options, and Possible Risks for Moscow”, Rufs Briefing, No. 22, pp. 220-239.
    11. Pavlishak, Alexey (2015), “Crimea’s Increased Defense Capability may Deter NATO Presence in the Black Sea Region”, Tass, Available at: http://Tass.Ru/En/Opinions/780602, (Accessed on: 23/9/2015).
    12. Tran, Mark (2015), “Kerry and Lavrov Hold ‘Frank Discussions’ over Ukraine Ceasefire”, Available at: http://Www.Theguardian.Com/Us-News/2015/Mar/02/Kerry-And-Lavrov-Meet-In-Geneva-, (Accessed on: 1/11/2015).
    13. Weaver, Matthew and Alec Luhn (2015), “Ukraine Ceasefire Agreed at Belarus Talks”, The Guardian, Available at:   https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/feb/12/ukraine-crisis-reports-emerge-of-agreement-in-minsk-talks, (Accessed on: 2/11/2015).