تداوم انقلاب و مسئلۀ ‌ژئوپلیتیک، ملاحظه‌ای بر انقلاب ‌اکتبر روسیه

Introduction: The main issue in this research is to explain the position and impact of the geopolitical issue and its interaction with the idea of ​​the continuity of the revolution in the approaches of the revolutionary leaders, Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin, and its consequences on the revolutionary structure concerning the influential components of geopolitics. The October Revolution of 1917 in Russia is considered a pivotal event in the history of Marxism and has a global impact. The continuation and preservation of the revolution and, in the next stage, its expansion were defined as the most critical task and special mission of the revolutionary leaders. This research attempts to examine the process of interaction between the geopolitical issue and the leaders' ideas on the issue of the continuation of the revolution and to examine the external outcome in the approaches of the revolutionary leaders in the first decade of the October Revolution. This research is based on the following hypothesis: the perceptions and concerns of the revolution's leaders, as well as the impact of the transnational identity of the October Revolution in interaction with the geopolitical factor, were formulated in a completely different process. The leaders of the October Revolution, given the securitization of the geopolitical component and their concern for the revolution's survival, have been engaged in a challenging thought process involving interactionist approaches, adversarial relationships, and competitive ideas. The method of collecting documents and libraries is comparative. The type of research is comparative.
Research question: Accordingly, this research will attempt to examine the concept of continuity of the revolution among the leaders of the October Revolution, such as Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin, by considering the various aspects that were briefly mentioned. Through a comparative study of the revolution's leaders on the subject of geopolitics, it is possible to identify essential indicators in the thinking and approach of the revolution's leaders. By researching the similarities and differences, new dimensions of the Russian October Revolution can be revealed.
Research Hypothesis: This research is based on the following hypothesis: given some similarities in geopolitical perceptions, the revolutionary leaders employed a completely different approach in interacting with geopolitical components and transnational missions. During the Russian Revolution, revolutionary leaders oscillated between interactionism, confrontationism, and competitive ideology, given the securitization of geopolitical factors and the concern for the revolution's survival in a challenging intellectual environment.
Methodology and Theoretical Framework: This research employs geopolitical theory to examine the forms of geopolitical relations between actors, including dominance and domination, interaction and balance, influence and competition, and confrontation. It will analyze the behavior of actors within this structure of geopolitical relations.
Results and Discussion: This research, which emphasizes historical study within the framework of the October Revolution's developments, aims to provide a theoretical comparison of the October Revolution and the actions and thoughts of its leaders. The primary approach in this classification involves dividing the prominent and effective leaders of the revolution into three categories: interaction-oriented, confrontation-oriented, and competitive, with a focus on the impact of geopolitical elements and components. In examining these various approaches, the geopolitical factor and geographical imperatives have formed a significant axis of ideological challenges. These disputes continued with greater intensity and scope after Lenin's death. The foundation of any theory is the most critical battleground for examining the developments in Soviet history after Lenin.
Conclusion: Examining the trend in leaders' approaches reveals that the strategy and transnational components of the October Revolution, in interaction with geopolitical concerns, have undergone changes in their nature and position within the revolutionary structure. This trend is visible in the centralization of the idea of ​​continuity and survival of the revolution over revolutionary sentiments and transnational ideals among a range of leaders. Lenin's economic policies and political considerations mark the beginning of this process. The marginalization of Trotsky and the rise of Stalin, characterized by the centrality of ethnic and Russian components in the Soviet government's policies, as well as the introduction of the policy of detente and introversion in 1928, are considered its peak. The primary approach in this classification involves dividing the prominent and effective leaders of the revolution into three categories: interactionist, confrontational, and competitive. This process was characterized by three approaches and continued with greater intensity and scope after Lenin's death. Until the outbreak of World War II and the formation of the Fourth International, Trotsky was an advocate of the idea of ​​permanent confrontation with the capitalist world.