مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی

مطالعات اوراسیای مرکزی

تحلیل ژئواکونومیک فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های راه‌گذر واخان برای ایران

مقاله‌های آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
حسین رفیع 1
غلام‌عباس حسینی 2
1 دانشیار روابط بین‌‏الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‏‌الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
2 دکتری روابط بین‏الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
10.22059/jcep.2026.409941.450400
چکیده
تحولات اخیر در نظام ژئواکونومیک اوراسیا، راه‏گذر واخان را به‏عنوان یکی از محورهای نوپدید ترانزیتی در اتصال شرق و غرب آسیا مطرح کرده است. این مسیر که چین را از مسیر افغانستان به ایران پیوند می‏دهد، در چارچوب ابتکار یک کمربند و یک راه جایگاهی راهبردی یافته و می‏تواند به ابزاری برای بازتعریف نقش ایران در نظم اقتصادی منطقه‏ای تبدیل شود. در این نوشتار با نگاهی تحلیلی، فرصت‏ها و چالش‏های راه‏گذر واخان را از دیدگاه ژئواکونومیک ایران واکاوی و ابعاد اقتصادی، سیاسی و امنیتی آن را در چارچوب همکاری‏های چندجانبه بررسی می‏کنیم. پرسش اصلی این است که راه‏گذر ریلی واخان برای ارتقای جایگاه ژئواکونومیک ایران چه ظرفیت‏ها و محدودیت‏هایی ایجاد می‏کند؟ در پاسخ این فرضیه مطرح می‏شود که این راه‏گذر از یک‏سو با ظرفیت‏هایی مانند ارتقای کارایی حمل‏ونقل، اتصال به ابتکار یک کمربند و یک راه و تقویت هم‏گرایی اقتصادی منطقه‏ای، توان ارتقای جایگاه ژئواکونومیک ایران را دارد. از سوی دیگر، محدودیت‏هایی مانند بی‏ثباتی سیاسی افغانستان، ناامنی و ضعف زیرساختی می‏تواند تحقق این ظرفیت‏ها را محدود کند. یافته‏ها نشان می‏دهد این طرح می‏تواند ایران را از موقعیت پیرامونی به محور ژئواکونومیک منطقه ارتقا دهد؛ هرچند موانع امنیتی و نهادی، چالش‏های مهم پیش‏روی آن هستند. روش این نوشتار کیفی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
راه‌گذر واخان
خواف
هرات
کاشغر
ایران
افغانستان
چین

عنوان مقاله English

A Geo-Economic Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges of the Wakhan Corridor for Iran

نویسندگان English

Hossein Rafie 1
Gholam Abbas Hosseini 2
1 Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
2 PhD in International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Recent developments in Eurasia's geoeconomic dynamics have made redefining transit routes a strategic necessity for countries such as Iran and Afghanistan. Among these emerging routes, the Wakhan Corridor, a narrow strip in northeastern Afghanistan that connects China to Central Asia and subsequently to the Middle East, holds a unique position in facilitating infrastructure connectivity between East and West Asia. The proposed railway connecting Iran, Afghanistan, and China, coupled with Beijing’s growing interest in utilizing Afghan territory for transit, has transformed the Wakhan Corridor into a pivotal hub within the Eurasian transport network. This research examines the geoeconomic capacities and limitations of the "Wakhan Corridor" and evaluates its potential for strengthening Iran’s strategic position within the evolving structure of Eurasian transit. If Afghanistan achieves political stability and trilateral cooperation becomes institutionalized, the Wakhan Corridor could emerge as a key hub for regional economic integration. This route's significance lies in its potential to transform Iran’s role—shifting it from a mere "transit corridor" to a "connectivity hub" within the Eurasian transport system. This transformation, while diversifying export routes, reduces reliance on southern ports. Furthermore, as this corridor aligns with China’s "Belt and Road" Initiative, it could catalyze the emergence of a new geoeconomic order across Eurasia.
Research question: The central question of this research is: “What capacities and limitations does the Wakhan Rail Corridor present for enhancing Iran’s geo-economic standing?”
Research hypothesis: The research hypothesis posits that “if political stability is achieved in Afghanistan and institutionalized cooperation is established among Iran, Afghanistan, and China, the Wakhan Corridor could become a pivotal hub for Eurasian economic integration and infrastructural connectivity.”
Methodology and theoretical framework: This study employs a qualitative research method. Its theoretical framework is based on geo-economics, defined as the strategic use of economic tools to advance geopolitical objectives. As a key dimension in the rivalry among contemporary great powers, geo-economics highlights mechanisms such as economic aid and coercion, the regulation of capital flows, macroeconomic policies, the management of international trade, and the control of energy resources. This study also emphasizes the importance of geographical location and transit functions in building geo-economic capacity. Accordingly, it posits that the interplay between geographical location and economic capabilities underpins geoeconomic power and significantly shapes patterns of regional integration.
Results and discussion: The Wakhan Corridor, located in northeastern Afghanistan at the confluence of the Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Pamir Mountain ranges, has historically served as a strategic Silk Road passage. This corridor, which took shape in 1895 during the "Great Game" between Britain and Russia, has regained significance within the context of contemporary initiatives related to connectivity in Eurasia. This route, which extends for over 350 kilometers and connects Afghanistan to China, Tajikistan, and Pakistan, presents significant geoeconomic (economic-geographical) opportunities. For China, this supports the "Belt and Road" Initiative by providing alternative access to regional and global markets; for Afghanistan, it facilitates economic recovery and regional integration; and for Iran, it enhances east-west transit connectivity and strengthens the country’s “Look to the East” strategy.
The geo-economic significance of this corridor lies in its potential to advance trade diversification, energy cooperation, logistical integration and political convergence among regional actors. By connecting Iran, Afghanistan, and China, this initiative could transform Afghanistan from a landlocked country into a strategic transit hub while strengthening Iran’s position within Eurasian transport networks. However, realizing these benefits faces significant obstacles. Persistent security threats from extremist groups, the Taliban’s limited international legitimacy, inadequate infrastructure, challenging mountainous terrain, poor inter-agency coordination, and limited financial resources continue to hinder development. In addition, competition from alternative transit routes and a lack of strong multilateral support limit the corridor’s ability to become a fully functional component of the Eurasian connectivity network.
Conclusion: The Wakhan Corridor is emerging as an important geo-economic corridor with the potential to reshape trade and connectivity across Eurasia. This position—situated between China, Afghanistan and Iran—can strengthen Iran’s role as a strategic transit hub by linking regional transport networks and supporting trade, investment and transit diplomacy. At the same time, security instability in Afghanistan, institutional limitations and competition from alternative routes remain major obstacles. This corridor also provides opportunities for broader economic and security cooperation across Central and South Asia. Chinese investment, Iranian infrastructure, and Afghanistan's geography-supported by multilateral frameworks and effective governance-can combine to foster a sustainable geoeconomic partnership and enhance regional integration.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Wakhan Corridor
Khaf
Herat
Kashgar
Iran
Afghanistan
China.
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